READING TEXT (Questions 10-11)
Alfred Bernhard Nobel was a Swedish chemist, engineer, innovator, and ornament manufacturer. He was the inventor of dynamite. He also owned Bofors, which he had redirected from its previous role as primarily an iron and steel producer to a major manufacturer of cannons and other ornaments. He held 355 different patents, dynamite being the most famous. In his last will, he used his enormous fortune to institute the Nobel Prizes. The synthetic element nobelium was named after him.
He was the third son of Immanuel Nobel and Andriette Ahlsell Nobel. Born in Stockholm on 21 October 1833, he went with his family to Saint Petersburg in 1842. When he was 18, he went to the United States to study chemistry and worked for a short period under John Ericsson.
Returning to Sweden, he devoted himself to the study of explosives, especially the safe manufacture of nitroglycerine. A big explosion occurred in 1864 at his factory in Heleneborg, killing five people.
10. Where did Alfred Nobel work with John Ericsson?
A. In Sweden
B. In the USA
C. In Stockholm
D. In Heleneborg
E. In Saint Petersburg
Jawaban & Analisis
Kunci: B
Teks menyebutkan bahwa Alfred Nobel pergi ke Amerika Serikat dan bekerja di bawah John Ericsson. Oleh karena itu, lokasi kerja tersebut adalah di Amerika Serikat.
Pilihan B paling tepat karena langsung sesuai dengan informasi teks, sedangkan pilihan lain hanya menyebutkan tempat lahir, tempat tinggal, atau lokasi lain yang tidak berkaitan langsung dengan John Ericsson, sehingga \(B \gt A\), \(B \gt C\), \(B \gt D\), dan \(B \gt E\).
11. What is the main idea of paragraph 2?
A. Alfred Nobel devoted himself to the study of chemistry.
B. His work with explosives led to the tragedy in 1864.
C. A big explosion killed many people.
D. His factory was destroyed.
E. He planned safe use of nitroglycerine.
Jawaban & Analisis
Kunci: B
Paragraf kedua menjelaskan keterlibatan Alfred Nobel dalam penelitian bahan peledak dan berujung pada ledakan besar tahun 1864. Fokusnya bukan hanya pada kejadian ledakan, tetapi hubungan sebab-akibat antara penelitiannya dan tragedi tersebut.
Karena mencakup keseluruhan ide paragraf, pilihan B lebih tepat dibandingkan pilihan lain yang hanya menyoroti sebagian informasi, sehingga \(B \gt C\) dan \(B \gt E\).
12. What was Bofors’s main business under Alfred Nobel?
A. Manufacturing cannons and ornaments
B. Designing ironclad monitors
C. Producing iron and steel
D. Producing dynamite
E. Inventing nobelium
Jawaban & Analisis
Kunci: A
Teks secara eksplisit menyebutkan bahwa Alfred Nobel mengalihkan Bofors dari produsen besi dan baja menjadi produsen utama meriam dan ornamen.
Pilihan A paling sesuai dengan isi teks, sedangkan pilihan C adalah peran lama Bofors. Oleh karena itu, \(A \gt C\).
READING TEXT (Questions 13–14)
NOTICE TO BID
PURCHASE OF CARBON CREDIT USING CDM SCHEME
PT PLN (Persero) invites eligible bidders for purchasing Carbon Credit from PLN’s Projects Using CDM scheme.
Requirements:
Bidding is open to Local or International organization having business line in CDM project development and/or has successful experiences in purchasing Carbon Credit.
Bidder may obtain and collect further information on the Terms of Transaction Document (DTS) at the following address:
Date : 22 October – 29 October 2011
Time : 10.00 am – 03.00 pm
Place : Secretariat of VP LKJL
PT PLN (Persero)
Main Building 13th Floor, Jl. Trunojoyo Blok M1/135,
Kebayoran Baru, Jakarta 12160 Indonesia
Phone : 62217251234, ext 1397
Fax : 622172786245
Detailed explanation and information, bid submission, etc will be applied in accordance with the provisions stipulated in the DTS. DTS can be obtained free of charge.
This notification does not cause any financial liability to PT PLN (Persero).
Jakarta, October 24, 2011
COMMITTEE FOR CARBON CREDIT SALE PT PLN (Persero)
13. The condition for candidates to join the bid is that it must ….
A. be an international organization
B. have successful experiences in purchasing carbon credit
C. be a local organization
D. be financially safe
E. be invited by PLN
Jawaban & Analisis
Kunci: B
Bagian “Requirements” menyatakan bidding terbuka untuk organisasi lokal atau internasional yang memiliki lini bisnis di pengembangan proyek CDM dan/atau memiliki pengalaman sukses dalam membeli Carbon Credit. Frasa “has successful experiences in purchasing Carbon Credit” secara langsung cocok dengan pilihan B.
Pilihan A dan C salah karena teks tidak membatasi hanya internasional atau hanya lokal, melainkan “Local or International”. Pilihan D tidak disebut dalam teks. Pilihan E juga tidak tepat karena teks memang “invites eligible bidders”, tetapi syarat kelayakan dijelaskan pada bagian Requirements. Jadi B paling spesifik dan paling didukung teks, sehingga \(B \gt E\).
14. “This notification does not cause any financial liability to PT PLN (Persero).” The underlined word is closest in meaning to ….
A. guarantee
B. procedure
C. responsibility
D. development
E. improvement
Jawaban & Analisis
Kunci: C
Kata “liability” dalam konteks “financial liability” bermakna kewajiban/tanggung jawab finansial (beban yang harus ditanggung). Sinonim paling dekat dari pilihan yang tersedia adalah “responsibility”.
“Guarantee” adalah jaminan, bukan kewajiban membayar. “Procedure” berarti prosedur, tidak terkait makna kewajiban. “Development” dan “improvement” juga tidak berhubungan dengan arti liability. Maka pilihan C paling tepat dan \(C \gt A\).
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