Soal 6
The following text is for questions \(6\) to \(8\).
Motorcycles are fuel efficient. However, motorcycles can be more dangerous than cars, as the recent Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS)’s report says motorcyclists are \(30\) times likely to die in an accident than people in a car.
Below are some tips, especially for new riders to stay safe on two wheels.
Buy motorcycle that fits you.
When shopping for a motorcycle, start with one that fits you. When seated, you should easily be able to rest both feet flat on the ground without having to be on tiptoes.
Invest in antilock brakes.
Now available on a wide array a models, antilock brakes are a proven lifesaver. IIHS data show that motorcycles equipped with ABS brakes were \(37\%\) less likely to involved in a fatal crash than motorcycles without it.
Use your helmet.
Although, helmets are an emotional topic for some riders, they give you optimal protection.
Wear the right gear.
Jeans, a T-shirt, and sandals are recipes for a painful disaster on a motorcycle. Wear yourself jeans, helmet, jacket, gloves and boots for your life safety.
Avoid bad weather.
Slippery conditions reduce your margin for error. Rain not only cuts your visibility but also reduces your tires’ grip on the road. This can make cornering tricky.
Be ready to roll.
Before riding, do a quick walk-around to make sure your lights, horn, and directional signals are working properly.
21. The text is mostly concerned with …
A. The danger of riding motorcycles.
B. The efficiency of motorcycles.
C. The appropriate gear for motorcyclists.
D. The safety tips for new motorcyclists.
E. A suitable motorcycle to ride.
Lihat Jawaban & Analisa
Jawaban: D
Teks diawali dengan konteks risiko (motorcyclists \(30\) kali lebih berisiko), lalu langsung menyatakan: “Below are some tips, especially for new riders…”. Setelah itu isinya berupa daftar saran: memilih motor yang cocok, ABS, helm, perlengkapan, cuaca, dan pengecekan sebelum berkendara. Jadi fokus utama teks adalah tips keselamatan untuk pengendara baru.
Mengapa opsi lain kurang tepat: A hanya menyorot “bahaya”, padahal sebagian besar isi adalah solusi/tips, bukan sekadar bahaya. B hanya muncul di kalimat pembuka (motor fuel efficient) lalu tidak menjadi pembahasan utama. C hanya salah satu bagian (gear), sedangkan teks membahas banyak tips. E hanya satu tips (motor yang cocok), bukan keseluruhan.
Soal 7
22. Which item should we use for maximum protection?
A. A leather jacket.
B. A helmet.
C. Jeans.
D. Shoes.
E. Gloves.
Lihat Jawaban & Analisa
Jawaban: B
Di teks tertulis: “Use your helmet … they give you optimal protection.” Kata “optimal protection” artinya perlindungan paling maksimal. Item yang langsung dikaitkan dengan perlindungan maksimal adalah helmet. Karena pertanyaan menanyakan “maximum protection”, maka jawabannya tepat adalah helmet.
Opsi lain memang termasuk perlengkapan (jacket, jeans, gloves, shoes/boots), tetapi teks tidak menyebut mereka sebagai “optimal protection”. Justru frasa itu melekat pada helm, sehingga B lebih kuat \(2 \gt 1\) dibanding lainnya \(1 \lt 2\).
Soal 8
23. What should motorcyclists do to avoid deadly crash?
A. Rest both feet flat on the ground.
B. Wear jeans, T-shirts and sandals.
C. Buy the model of motorcycle that fit them.
D. Ride the motorcycle right after the rain falls.
E. Equip the motorcycle with ABS brakes.
Lihat Jawaban & Analisa
Jawaban: E
Teks menyebut antilock brakes (ABS) sebagai “a proven lifesaver” dan memberi data: motor dengan ABS “\(37\%\) less likely” terlibat kecelakaan fatal. Karena pertanyaan menekankan “avoid deadly crash” (menghindari kecelakaan fatal), tindakan yang paling langsung terkait pencegahan fatal crash adalah memasang/ memakai ABS brakes.
Mengapa opsi lain salah: A dan C adalah tips umum tentang kenyamanan/fit, tetapi tidak dinyatakan mengurangi fatal crash secara data. B justru bertentangan dengan teks (sandals disebut “recipes for a painful disaster”). D juga bertentangan: hujan membuat jalan licin dan cornering tricky, jadi bukan solusi.
Soal 9
The following text is for questions \(24\) and \(25\).
Jakarta Post, Friday June \(27\), \(2014\).
The Sleeping Beauty
According to the city managers of Old Town (Kota Tua), there are hundreds of heritage buildings in Kota Tua, owned by state-owned companies, private companies, and individuals.
The area itself dates back to \(1619\), when construction began on Batavia as Jakarta was called then.
The Dutch colonizers chose the name Batavia to honour their ancestors. At the time, the city was centered east of the Ciliwung River, around what is now Fatahillah Square.
Due to the city’s beauty, Batavia was called Koningen van Oosten (the Queen of the East) by European Sailors.
Candrian Attahiyat, the former Head of Cultural Heritage Conservation Unit of Old Town management agency, explained the turn of events.
Candrian says that almost \(80\%\) percent of old Batavia’s buildings have been razed, with the exceptions of the Wayang Museum, erected in \(1640\) as a Dutch church; the Fatahillah Museum, previously the VOC Governor General’s office; Galangan Cafe, a former VOC warehouse; Toko Merah, the once-residence of the Governor-General; and the Fine Art and Ceramics Museum, once the Dutch court.
Work to rejuvenate Old Town has been underway since \(1905\). Acting governor says that the Old Town is so precious that it has to be revitalized soon in a project involving all stakeholders.
It won’t be easy, however. Traffic remains a problem, as does flooding. Currently, the Old Town is like a sleeping beauty, awaiting a kiss to bring it back to life.
24. Which of the following are the landmarks of the Old Town?
A. Fine Art and Ceramics Museum, Wayang Museum, Toko Merah, Galangan cafe, Fatahillah Museum.
B. Fatahillah Museum, Fatahillah Square, the Dutch Court, VOC warehouse, Ciliwung river.
C. The Dutch Court, VOC warehouse, VOC Governor General’s office, Dutch Church, the residence of the Governor General, Fatahillah Square.
D. Koningen van Oosten, Wayang Museum, Fatahillah Museum, Fine Art and Ceramics Museum.
E. Dutch Church, Wayang Museum, Galangan café, Toko Merah, Fatahillah Square, Dutch court, Fine Art and Ceramics Museum.
Lihat Jawaban & Analisa
Jawaban: E
Teks menyebut bangunan/landmark yang “exceptions” (yang masih ada), yaitu: Wayang Museum (dibangun \(1640\) sebagai Dutch church), Fatahillah Museum (VOC Governor General’s office), Galangan Cafe (VOC warehouse), Toko Merah (residence of the Governor-General), dan Fine Art and Ceramics Museum (Dutch court). Teks juga menyebut lokasi penting “Fatahillah Square”.
Opsi E memuat unsur-unsur kunci yang disebut: Dutch Church, Wayang Museum, Galangan café, Toko Merah, Dutch court, Fine Art and Ceramics Museum, serta Fatahillah Square. Opsi lain ada yang memasukkan hal yang bukan landmark (misalnya “Koningen van Oosten” adalah julukan kota), atau tidak selengkap daftar yang tersurat di teks. Karena E paling lengkap dan paling sesuai isi bacaan, E lebih tepat \(2 \gt 1\).
Soal 10
25. The last paragraph mainly tells us that …
A. It won’t be easy to overcome flood problem.
B. The traffic remains a problem in the Old Town.
C. More hard work need to be done to bring Old Town back to life.
D. The old town is like a sleeping beauty waiting for a kiss.
E. Awaiting a kiss brings it back to life.
Lihat Jawaban & Analisa
Jawaban: D
Paragraf terakhir berisi tiga gagasan: (1) revitalisasi “won’t be easy”, (2) masih ada masalah traffic dan flooding, lalu (3) penutup berupa kiasan utama: “the Old Town is like a sleeping beauty, awaiting a kiss to bring it back to life.” Kalimat kiasan ini adalah ringkasan ide utama: Old Town sedang “tertidur” dan butuh dorongan/aksi besar agar hidup kembali.
A dan B hanya mengambil salah satu detail (flood atau traffic) sehingga terlalu sempit. C benar secara makna umum, tetapi tidak sekuat D karena D persis menyatakan inti metafora penutup yang menjadi penekanan paragraf. E tidak lengkap karena hanya bagian akibatnya, bukan gagasan utama kiasannya. Jadi D paling tepat \(2 \gt 1\).